The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is one of the most important assumptions applied in astronomical studies. The stellar populations in the local universe appear to have a universal and invariant IMF which has been adopted as the standard canonical IMF since 1955. However, observations in recent decays suggest that the IMF, in fact, varies in more extreme environments. In this talk, I wil...
Massive stars are crucial in our understanding of many areas of modern astrophysics. Despite considerable efforts, there remain numerous unanswered questions regarding the formation and evolution of massive stars. Young star clusters are ideal laboratories to gauge stellar theory, because they are believed to be ensembles of co-eval stars with identical initial chemical compositions. However, r...
As the expansion of the universe continues to accelerate, the internal secular evolution of galaxies becomes more important as the distance between galaxies generally increases. The largest galaxies in the local group provide an ideal laboratory due to their proximity to study the secular evolution processes driven by internal dynamical structures, such as a bar and spiral arms. I will review t...
The intracluster medium (ICM) is the largest reservoir of the hot baryons. The centers of the ICM often feature a sharp X-ray surface brightness peak. AGN mechanical feedback from the brightest cluster galaxy is likely preventing the hot ICM from the catastrophic cooling, although the exact feedback process remains poorly understood. A growing number of kiloparsec-scale multiphase filaments hav...
With the rapidly increasing number of newly discovered exoplanets, the characterization of their atmospheres is becoming the new frontier, crucial for distinguishing between different planetary populations and bearing the imprints of planet formation and evolution. To this end, transit spectroscopy has been the most fruitful technique, revealing the atmospheric species for dozens of exoplanets,...